Short Poem The Tyger Essay - 642 Words

â€Å"The Tyger† is one of the most famous works by William Blake. It is a great poem, which clearly shows the reader the way in which poetic devices and sound and rhythm affect the meaning of a poem. William Blake questions the nature of God, and faith. He asks two important rhetorical questions in the poem. Does God create both good and evil? If so what right does God have to do this? The poem is a cycle of questioning the creator of the tyger, discussing how it could have been created, and back to questioning the creator. It is a powerful poem, which leaves the reader with much to think about. William Blake uses poetic devices in â€Å"The Tyger† to create an effect that emphasizes and parallels the main theme. The main theme of the†¦show more content†¦By making the line smooth sounding and emphasizing the â€Å"i† sound, he increases the importance of God’s gentle side. There are two different sounds in the poem. This is important, as a major theme is the two different natures of God, and the possibility of two creators. At certain parts of the poem, rough angry sounding words are used to emphasize the brute nature of the tyger, while at other parts, smooth sounding words are used to emphasize the gentle nature of God. William Blake uses the two opposite sounds of the poem to emphasize the dichotomy of the poem, with the two natures of God, and the two creators. The first and last quatrains are identical except the first words of the last lines of the quatrains have been changed. By changing â€Å"could† with â€Å"dare† author states that if God could make the Tyger, then how dare he do so. â€Å"The Tyger† is a classic poem by William Blake about the natures of God. By switching his rhythm from trochaic to iambic tetrameter, he shows the two possible natures of God, or of the creators. By using couplets, he emphasizes the dichotomy of the poem. By using poetic devices he further develops the quest ions about the natures of God. In the end, Blake never answers his questions, which leaves readers thinking whether there is anShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Good and Evil 1951 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Tyger† provides a harsh tone which can create tension as â€Å"The Lamb† has a simplistic tone that can evoke a mild meaning. Even though both tones are present in these two poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† their themes are of greater importance then the vague language. The language used in each of these poems respectfully give distorted impressions of the poems significance. The themes present are the evil in this world, the relationship between the Creator and His creation, and the initialRead More Essay of Comparison between The Tiger and The Lamb, poems by William Blake1506 Words   |  7 PagesEssay of Comparison between The Tiger and The Lamb, poems by William Blake The Tiger and The Lamb were poems by William Blake, a poet who lived in the 18th century. In this essay I am going to compare the two poems and examine links between them relating to rhymes, patterns and words used. Blakes background relates on the poems he wrote, and many of his works reflected his early home life. Blake in his childhood was an outcast, a loner, and didnt have many friends. His family believed Read More God Speaks Through The Mouths Of Poets Essay2009 Words   |  9 PagesGod Speaks Through The Mouths Of Poets Every poem has an element of God in its words. Just as God spoke through the writings of Peter or Matthew, elements of His word are in the beautiful themes in poetry. In this essay, I will compare the poems of William Blake and William Wordsworth with the written Word of God, in five poems: The Lamb, The Chimney Sweeper, The Tyger, My Heart Leaps Up, and London 1802. My aim is to show that the writings of great poets are truly the words of God.

An Inside Look at Black Film Essay - 1525 Words

Final Essay Over 400 hundred years there has been slavery, racism, and discrimination in America with blacks, and other minorities. A famous man once said â€Å"I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality... I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word† – Martin Luther King Jr (brain quote). The movies ‘Miracle at St. Anna’ directed by Spike Lee, and ’12 Years a Slave’ directed by Steve McQueen both show the struggle African Americans went through during a tough racial period in American history. Even today in Modern society African Americans still deal with racism. Spike†¦show more content†¦Before even seeing the movie reading the title you know that the movie is going to take place somewhere in Europe and that St. Anna must be a very special place with a significant event ha ppening in this village. I did research before seeing this film and found that this title was ‘during WWII the U.S Army’s 92nd infantry division fought the Germans and their battles on the home front were courageous as well. The division called Buffalo Soldiers were an all-black combat unit, within the military that tried to block African Americans from fighting. They were treated like second class citizens, these men fought for a country that were racist to them’ (Meadows). Buffalo soldiers like this motivated director Spike Lee to create the movie Miracle at St. Anna. This movie givens the real feel of the actual battles that occur during the WWII era. He even shows the Italian citizen’s being slaughtered in front of the church, the war was gruesome but these events happened. In reality for a Buffalo soldier it was hard to fight for the U.S, they weren’t seen as human beings, they weren’t even allowed to eat at certain restaurants because they were African Americans. Spike lee showed the true feelings of those men that served. Spike Lee says, Its much harder to fight for a country [that] doesnt see you as a human being, These men are patriots. And civil rights pioneers: Soldiers in the 92ndShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Opening Sequence of Sleepy Hollow666 Words   |  3 PagesThe Opening Sequence of Sleepy Hollow The very first thing the audience sees when watching this film is a thick red liquid dripping onto a parchment. Because the audience expects the film to be a horror film, they automatically think the liquid is blood. Seeing this image makes the audience assume someone has been murdered or at least injured. This one picture spurs questions in a persons mind like, who does the blood belong to? and Has someone been killed? TheRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Moulin Rouge1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe film, we see an elaborate design of 19th century Paris, France. We have a detailed and inside look at Paris through the allies, cabaret bars, prostitutes, and up the rooftops to reveal a colorful and vibrant fantasy world. Just the opening sequence emphasizes how the people of France, through poverty and plague, live a life of love, art and music. So we have these two characteristics, these two sides of Paris that seem to juxtapose each other. We see this constantly through out the film; sinRead MoreNorman Jewison s The Heat Of The Night 1574 Words   |  7 Pagescentury brought a new form of Black representation to Cinema. During the 1980’s, Black characters in Hollywood films were put into new cinematic contexts. Unlike the Blaxploitation films of the decade, Hollywood used other â€Å"narrative and visual strategies of ‘containment’† for Black actors and characters (Guerrero 237). Hollywood films were now â€Å"giving a Black star top billing in a film in which he or she is completely isolated from other Blacks or any reference to the Black world† (Guerrero 237). InRead MoreFilm Components in The Matrix993 Words   |  4 Pageshumans. In the following, I will go through â€Å"The Matrix† with three different aspects, location, set design and costumes to indicate what is this film communicating about reality and virtuality and how it communicates with these ideas. For location, the first aspect of meaning we look at when we want to ‘read a film is the setting. When and where a film is set can tell us much about the ideas the filmmaker are trying to communicate. â€Å"The Matrix† is set at the actual real world, the Machine City,Read MoreEssay on Boys In The Hood744 Words   |  3 Pages Hood: slang for neighborhood or black area/life. 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With the use of music, commentary by natives and tourists the film comes across not as a simple documentary but as a journey through the effects of globalization and tourism on Jamaica. Black uses the gates of theRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Two Cars One Night1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe films Two cars one night and Boy directed by Taika Waititi are based in New Zealand. Two cars one night is a short film and the idea for the movie Boy was derived from it. Taika Waititi uses the film aspects of light and dark lighting and symbolism to portray the themes and his styl e of directing through his movie Boy and his short film two cars one night. Waititi uses the lens of a child to portray what is happening throughout the movie plot to show the lasting moments in childhood. As a directorRead MoreEssay about The Others636 Words   |  3 PagesThe Others This film begins with a totally black background with white subtitles. On this background is the name of the company presenting the film. As soon as they subtitles leave the screen a womans voice can be heard. It is a soft voice. The woman is talking to some children. She starts telling them the story of evolution and how God made the world. The woman or the children are not scene though all that can be seen on the screen are Black and White Pen and InkRead MoreDisney / Pixar s Inside Out1072 Words   |  5 PagesIt is a rarity that I will change my mind regarding a movie, but this is one of those times. Disney/Pixar’s â€Å"Inside Out† was not only entertaining, but challenged the way that I look at emotions. It’s the kind of film that will stay with you even after you’ve left the theatre, and in doing so will spark you to recall memories from your own childhood. It avoids clichà ©s that most animated films fall into, which makes it feel completely new and refreshing. The material is also accessible to everyone givenRead More Cinematography Essay examples1197 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment business. You cannot turn on the television without seeing advertisements for the next big blockbuster film. While most of the films these days entertain with amazing special effects or raunchy comedy, there are still films that thrive because of great acting, directing, and editing. Three films that I believe would be great examples of the way these aspects can cause a film to excel are ?Any Given Sunday?, ?The Cell?, and ?Almost Famous?. ?Any Given Sunday? shows how, by using editing

Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes Free Essays

Jessica Turro Hunter Torres 9/24/12 Period 3 The declaration of independence By Thomas Jefferson Argument – * Thomas Jefferson â€Å"Necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth , the separated and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation† * Thomas Jefferson wanted all colonies to have freedom of speech, being entitled to their independence and their rights. Evidence * â€Å"We hold these truths to be self –evident – That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † * â€Å"†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now driving their just powers from the consent of the governments; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute its power in such form as to them shall seem most like to effect their safety and happiness. * â€Å"WE THEREFORE, THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the supreme judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions , do , in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies , solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. Appeals * Pathos- â€Å"that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by t heir creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † * Logos-â€Å"the history of the present King of Great Britian is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these seas. * Ethos- Rhetorical Strategies Analysis * Thomas Jefferson uses ANAPHORA as a rhetorical strategy within his speech repeating â€Å"He Has†. * Thomas Jefferson has a frame with in his speech he begins with stating his argument of human rights and ends with his argument. How to cite Thomas Jefferson Dbq Notes, Essay examples

Guide to Case Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Guide to Case Analysis. Answer: SWOT Analysis Strengths: Loblaws has a strong brand name, the position of the company in the market is too good, and the number of sales is growing continually. It offers about 7000 products with private levels (Presidents Choice (PC)). The program PC Plus helped and allowed the customers in the collection and redemption of points, which help them, benefit from the low cost and further creation of the brand awareness. The introduction of PC MasterCard offered products with high quality and retaining customers through the loyalty program i.e. PC Plus. The company has a large number of fixed assets and a very low amount of debts, which shows a major strength in the position of the company. The Company has a wide coverage across Canada, which has helped them in involvement with communities and in taking initiatives for social responsibilities (Karakowsky and Guriel). Weaknesses: The large investment in the technology i.e. in the IT systems and infrastructure has resulted in unanticipated losses, as the realization is yet to come. The management is weak and the structure of the corporate is too complicated. There has been an incorporation of systems containing self-checkout and cell phones for attaining competitive advantages but the constraints in logistics have created a huge gap in the strategic plan (Castaer et al.). Opportunities: Loblaws has become a low price leader due to the growth in the discount segment. There are huge openings for the exploitations of the new technologies emerging in the market, which is a huge opportunity for the company. The large resources of Finance have a promising future. The specialty food products have increased and offered by the retailers, which has created an opening for the company. Furthermore, the acquisition of Pharmacy and Clothing services is a major opportunity for the company ("Loblaw Companies Limited 2016 Annual Report"). Threats: The Goodwill has dropped continuously in terms of value and the intense competition from Wal-Mart, Costco and Metro has become a major threat for Loblaws. The Union problems and other political and legal concerns are a major risk towards the company and the Canadian market is presently attracting the foreign investors, which is the most hazardous part for the company. Competitive Advantages The company Loblaws can identify their competitive advantages as per the integral factors of success and by developing the framework with respect to their competitors. The company uses the valuable, rare, costly to imitate, organized to capture value approach towards identification of their advantages from the competitive forces present in the market. The above analysis can help in the maintenance of their brand and reputation with the strong position, which they hold in the market of the grocery retail industry (Abdulla et al.). The major competitive advantages are as follows: The major analysis done states the fact that the company has a strong and recognized brand name, which will maintain their position in the market. They have a customer base, which is devoted, and the same is due to the providing of the products of superior quality. Furthermore, they have taken efforts in maintaining the relation with the society through the corporate social responsibility. The restructuring of the stores and transformations is attracting many customers and keeping apart the competitive forces through Brand differentiation. The Company has been practicing skills, which are superior in nature and related to the management of relationships. Thus, the goodwill is maintained and market position restored from time to time. The Company has a strong human resource department and the efforts in training and recruitment policies have helped in attaining value for the organization. The Company has taken steps in making the products more environmentally friendly to help the society and company as a whole. The risky species and the fish products, which were non-sustainable in nature, were ceased for selling and removed from the stores and so the company was successful in taking steps in removing the unfriendliness in the environment (Worley and Mirvis). A store in Scarborough, Ontario was recognized for the removal of the carbon footprints thus naming the same as the store of environmental flagship. A store in Nova Scotia uses the wind turbines for the generation of electricity, which means they are using the natural resources in an efficient and effective manner (Trites and Levesque). These initiatives help in the company gaining an advantage in the market. Value Chain Analysis The company has been efficient and effective in the management of the activities i.e. both the primary and secondary activities which is necessary for the optimization of the productivity and their brand image. The company has continued to serve their market is the best manner possible by attaining the loyalty and trust of the customers. The closer look of the logistics, which are inbound in nature, explains and illustrates the fact that the Company has outstanding and admirable associations with their suppliers (Smith). The relationship is stronger because as the company has a large share and position in the market, the company while negotiation can guarantee the supply of goods in a reliable way. Loblaws has considered the management system regarding the supply chain procedures, of Manhattan. The platform has been helpful as the same is working for them and the company has continued to invest in the same system of management. The planning centers, which are four in number, allows for the processes, which are integrated and standardized in their approaches. The same is done while considering the logistics of an outbound nature. The growth of the loyalty program of the company and the responses of customers towards the transformation and restructuring of the designs of the stores has been one of the major integral focuses for the division of sales and marketing of the company. There have been some difficulties being faced by the company, which was discussed above in the weaknesses. The difficulty comprised of the achievement of the required and expected returns from the investment in technology developments and infrastructures. Hence, it will be better to outsource the part of the business as the company may reduce its gains and goodwill due to the incorporation of such weakness inside. The outsourcing will also allow the company to focus more on the strengths. Therefore, the overall scenario represents that the combination of the effective and efficient value chain has helped and assisted Loblaw for the deliverance of the powerful and excellent products and services towards the customers, which is thus a competitive advantage for the company. References Abdulla, Majd, et al. "The importance of quantifying food waste in Canada."Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development3.2 (2016): 137-151. Castaer Camps, Sandra, et al. "Generic brands and product differentiation strategies." (2013). HALLSWORTH, ALAN G., and KENG JONES. "The Planning Implications of New Retail."The Internationalisation of Retailing(2013): 148. Karakowsky, Len, and Natalie Guriel.The Context of Business: Understanding the Canadian Business Environment. 2015. "Loblaw Companies Limited 2016 Annual Report". https://www.annualreports.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. Smith, Courtney. "Prepared By: Courtney Smith January 30, 2015." (2015). Trites, Steve, Charles Gibney, and Bruno Lvesque. "Mobile payments and consumer protection in canada."2013, Research Division, Financial Consumer Agency of Canada(2013). Worley, Christopher G., and Philip H. Mirvis. "Studying networks and partnerships for sustainability: Lessons learned."Building networks and partnerships. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013. 261-291.

21st Century Curriculum Essay Example

21st Century Curriculum Essay Educational theories are essential guidelines that entails enhancement of educational means of teaching. The sides of education are important as well since this is one of the primary building blocks in the society. Education is viewed as an intrinsic need by every individual, institution and country. The conditions of educational theories vary and it evolves the same way the world grows. It follows the trails of man’s civilization from the streets of Aristotle, the classrooms of Scholasticisms up to our current teaching universities. Various theories of education revolves in these events thus, tackling these principle proves to be essential.Synthesis of Theories that have influenced 21st century CurriculumFormulation of theoretical framework for a curriculum planningThrough out history, education has developed little by little in a systematic and chronological way matching the needs and evolution of man’s society. In the past, education theories are already evident espe cially in the classes of Aristotle, Plato and Socrates (the famous Greek philosophers). These people utilize various styles of educating their students and guided by early theories of education. However, time is not stagnant and it continues to flow, and part of it is man’s society.The dynamic civilization of human kind of varying cultures, have influenced the development and evolution of these theories as well. The Aristotelian mode of concept has been modified during the renaissance period by the scholastics and, the Platonian principles are adapted by various scholars. This situation has led to further development of education systems as well as principles until its development reach the current state, which is the 21st century.Read also   ANALYSIS OF OUR SECRET BY SUSAN GRIFFINIn the current civilization of man, education has been regarded as the utmost treasure that everybody needs to possess.   The theories of education principles have been integrated and modified in order for these theories to adapt in the current situations. These theories are well utilized by various educational systems in order to maintain standard education criteria.Some of the classical theories are also maintained in order to support and stand basis for the current theories established. However, problems and sometimes inconsistencies occur along with this these theories since, the body and context of these principles are still considered theories and not facts. It is part of the molding and dynamic process involved in this theory.As we go through the discussion of these theories, we shall employ analysis, interpretation as well as implementation of the theories concerned. The theories are not meant to act as the imposed rule of teaching but rather evident guidelines in order to establish appropriate teaching approach. The paper shall limit its study in the following question.What are the educational theories present in the 21st century? Discuss all the educational theo ries that have influenced 21-century curriculum.How does each theory influences the 21st century curriculum? Synthesizes all the theories by showing the commonalities and differences in all the educational theories and formulate a theoretical framework that can be used for a curriculum planning. Lastly, explain the benefits of this framework in the 21st century curriculum.The research paper shall focus in these queries alone since the main objective is also the presentation of these educational theories that have influenced 21st century.Main Educational Theories of 21st CenturyAll people require variety of learning needs, which is a desire or a requirement to know something that is presently unknown to the learner. These needs include new intellectual knowledge but also include physical, cultural, social and spiritual form of knowledge. Kozier (2004) defines learning as,Learning is a change in human disposition or capability that persists and that cannot be solely accounted for by g rowth. Learning is represented by a change in behavior and the important aspect for a person to learn is the individual’s desire to learn and to act on the learning.This connotes that learning is not only obtained by mental capacity of a person but it goes on all perspective angles of the individual’s characteristics. Moreover, compliance to such educational modes are not enough, acting is another factor to be considered.There are various theories proposed that traces how and why people should learn and be educated. These theories have served as guideline protocols in order to establish educational approaches, learning interventions and curriculum formulation for educational institutions. These theories have originated even from the past and are now being used in order to enhance teaching and learning processes. The modification of these theories has occurred due to the evolution of man’s technology and growth of civilization.BehaviorismThis theory was originall y promulgated by Edward Thorndike, whose primary contribution is the teaching based on behavioral manifestations of the individual. Behaviorism deals with learning and it acknowledges this subject as a factor that affects personality of a person. The theory includes analysis of the person’s personality as a whole and characteristics, and uses this to formulate strategies of teaching and education (Weiner et.al, 2003 p.135).Behaviorism takes into account the environment of the individual, not only physical but as a whole itself. The theories views environment as an extremely essential influence in the development of learning. However, ironically, behaviorists are not concerned in mental processes since they rely mostly on those objective data that are observed and rationalized by human capacity.B.F Skinner, another important persona in behaviorist theory, considers â€Å"emotions† as fictitious product of behavior that can be assess through stimuli-response mechanism (F ogiel, 1999 p.501). The main emphasis of this theory is the behavior of a person that primarily promotes the learning.Arising now is John Watson, another important persona in the field of behaviorism, who started the use of behavioral conditioning. Watson has utilized animal specimens such as rats, pigeons, dogs and cats in order to test behavior functioning. During the procedures, Watson has discovered that these animals are capable of learning-behavior principles (Weiner et.al, 2003 p.135-136). The utilization of behavior as a means of pattern in order to formulate the right educational approach is the primary principle of the theory.According to Gordon (2003) in her book, Beginnings Beyond: Foundations in Early Childhood Education, learning occurs when an organism interacts with the environment, and through experience, behavior is modified or changed. In the behaviorist’s eyes, three types of learning occur:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical Conditioning2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant Conditioning3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Observational learning or modelingThe first two categories are based on the idea that learning is mostly the development of habit. The continuous and frequent routine that an individual confers with induces the habits that in turn produce behavioral modifications. The third is actually based on social approach, such as family social conditions, peer socializations, etc. Guided by these three principles, education systems employ rewards and consequences as the primary molding characteristics of educational approaches.In application of such theory, we can see this being done in a simple standard educational system known as grading. In such case, the instructor assesses an individual’s performance based on criteria imposed by the institution. The grading system indicates how well the student performs during the span of an activity or the entire education program it self. The instructor provides high grade is the performance of the st udent is well conforming and appropriate to the instruction given. This type of rewarding reinforces the individual to again strive and initiate efforts in order to attain the said mark. However, if the student fails to comply in the standard imposed by the instructor, the student now gets a low or failing grade. This is a form of negative reinforcement in the part of the student. The response of the student, however, should be the same, which is to study harder and try to comply the next time.However, there are cases wherein this kind of negative reinforcement, based on the example, triggers negative action. Instead of the attitude of perseverance, the mindset of depression and intimidation settles in. The education approach should consider this type of response among varying students.HumanismThe theory of humanism utilizes the belief that human cognitive function and learning are not driven by information processing theory, nor by the enhancement of schemas through the creation of new knowledge structures nor by conditional responses to various stimuli. Rather, human thinking and learning are driven by the growth of the self as a whole, mature and complete human being, who has a strong character and an ability to make decisions that positively influence others (Keating, 2003 p.53).The humanistic theory centers on both cognitive and affective angle of a person. The main contributors of this theory are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers who have introduced essential humanistic theories that is used up until today in almost every aspect (Kozier, 2004 p.448).Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Maslow has formulated the triangular model of levels of man’s need according to priorities. The base part of this triangle portrays the basic level, thus considers as the most essential needs of man. The physiologic needs comprise of food, shelter, clothing, water and the physical requirements in order to live and maintain body homeostasis. The next level involves the level of safety needs, which includes protection, security, order, law, limits and stability that are part of the community. Love and belongingness is the next level after the latter – family, relationships, commitments, attachments, peers, social circles- that provide the emotional, cognitive and social stability of an individual. Self-esteem follows and this level portrays the needs of self-gratification as resulted by achievements, status, responsibilities and good reputation. Lastly, the self-actualization pertains to the personal growth and fulfillment of a person (Chapman, 2001).Student-Learning Approach. The theory of Carl Rogers regarding the student focused learning has a great impact in the teaching strategies at various curriculums in our current generation. The primary focus of this concept is the student body itself wherein the needs of the students are prioritized above all. This theory suggests that learning is achieved is the students are the ones being targeted as the main recipient in all educational programs implemented by the educational bodies, such as administrators, instructors and etc. The design of teaching curriculum, syllabus, course description and learning approaches are needed to be in favor of the students and not the administrative body.In this theory, a goal of educational approach is being set, the stand or the set function of the teacher is being identified, students are being reinforced positively, learning assessment is being done and lastly, student participation is greatly encouraged (Burnard 2002, p.72). Unlike in the classical way of teaching wherein the instructor is the one who directs everything to the students more like â€Å"robot teaching†, participation and interaction in this principle does not only come from the teachers but from the student as well. It encourages collaboration between the two sides in order to achieve maximal learning.Humanism focuses on the internal aspect of an individual as persons and not as sole information bank. This theory takes into consideration the emotions and attitudes of learners, the importance of the individual in identifying learning needs and taking the responsibility over these learning tasks.Humanism also motivates the student to act as part of the learning process, encouraging independence as well as self-reliance. This greatly negates the concept of education spoon-feeding approach since the students, even if the theory is student-centered, still this does not conclude that sole information are given directly to them by the teachers. Building up educational independence and education responsibility are the primary goals of this theory.CognitivismLearning in this theory principle gives more emphasis on the learning process itself than any other means. Organization of the learning approach and modified mental representations are the key in this type of learning process. According to the book of Uden and Beaumont (2006) entitled Technology and Prob lem-based Learning,Cognitive learning is equated with discrete changes between states of knowledge rather than with changed in the probability of response. In cognitive learning, the issues of how information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind is important. Learning is concerned not so much with what learners do, but what they know and how they came to acquire that knowledge (p.6).In this theory, the main emphasis is the process itself and not the outcome. From the point of information delivery up to the cognitive reception of this information, the learning is assessed. If learning is achieved then it only means that the process is appropriate, however, if otherwise occurs, then it means the education approach needs to be re-evaluated.This type of theory has been utilized in various forms of institutional approach such as in the process of health teaching. One example is when the health care provider utilizes a health care plan accompanied by teaching plan. Par t of this systematic education approach is the re-evaluation of plan until the set goal is met. The focus mainly is not on the response but the means of teaching or the cognitive approach.The major contributors of this theory are jean Piaget, K.Lewin and B.Bloom. The cognitive theory by Jean Piaget, sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, operational stage and formal operations, gave patterns of educational development according to age development from infant to adulthood (Kozier 2004, p.448).Lewin states that learning involves four different types of learning particularly, cognitive structure, change in motivation, change in one’s sense of belonging to a social circle, and gain control over one’s self. Lewin has focused on changes, and this led in the discovery of the theory of changes that contributes greatly in Cognitivism. The three basic stages involve are unfreezing, moving and refreezing (Ziegler, 2005 p.211).Lastly, Bloom has identified three domains of lear ning particularly the cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Each category pertains to different learning specifications that guide the whole planning of educational approach. Cognitive domain talks about the intellectual, concept, principles and theoretical knowledge incorporated in the plan of teaching. Affective domain pertains to the emotional side, affect and mood, attitude and the totality of values that is incorporated in the teaching plan. Lastly, the psychomotor theory, which emphasizes on the physical, developmental and skill enhancement incorporated as well in the teaching approach (McDonald 2002, p.34).These theories are the molding clays of the cognitivism thus, considered as the framework of the said theory. Cognitive theory has its primary attributes that also recognizes the developmental levels of learners and acknowledgements of learner’s motivation and environment (Kozier, 2004 p.449).Other Theories that Influences Educational CurriculumOther than the three f ramework of today’s educational curriculum, there are still contributing theories that needs to be taken into account especially if pertaining about aspect of educational systems. These theories have been formulated recently but have gain influence in the education curriculum already.PerennialismThe emphasis of the theory is more inclined in the philosophical and logical analysis of student’s origin and environmental contributors. The theory is primary based on idealism as well as realism in terms of philosophical perspective. It states that learning is universal and uniform for every individual that desires to learn. Education is regarded as essential truth and a preparation for life. Fundamentals are encouraged more than the complexities of the concepts since; these basics are regarded as the finest knowledge (Segall Wilson, 2004 p.156).ReconstructionismThe theory characteristics talk about its radical disposition and views education as a vehicle for influencing fun damental social change, especially in the realm of socio-political, economic and cultural organization. For Reconstructionists, progressive education is too slow or too â€Å"soft† ever to lead to change in the existing social order. It suggests that major constructive deliberations and even revolutionary actions are needed in order to solve such issue (Gwelle Uys, 2005 p.8).EssentialismThe theory of essentialism focuses more on the intrinsic nature of an individual as well as the classical educational principles. The theory suggests that the educational systems should maintain appropriate mental discipline among the students. Essentialists believe that educational process relies on the teacher itself rather than the student (Lantolf, 2000p.237).ProgressivismThis theory takes into account that education itself is not a means to earn living but rather a lifestyle to live on. It focuses more on the value-principle aspect in terms of education. Learning is achieved as the stude nt becomes interested in the subject matter and the teacher’s role is not to give sole instructions but to propose advice that facilitates learning. Competition is disregarded and educational cooperation is encouraged since, this theory aims to enhance the free expression of ideas, thoughts and personalities of the students in order to enhance and promote learning (Griffin Nasta 2000 p.31).Comparisons Educational TheoriesAs implicated in this study the educational theories still proposes similarities and differences, which is common since these theorists have various perspectives that influence their view in terms of education systems. The similarities as well as differences greatly centers in the focus of educational system. Each theory suggests the main contributor of educational intervention. However, the learning principle and guidelines are almost similar with all the theories. The detailed differences are specifically indicated in the above analysis of these theories.H owever, looking at the broad angles, we can see the similarities that group these theories and the differences that negate the proposed concepts of these educational principles. Behaviorists, humanists and essentialists are mainly student-centered than education systems. They emphasize on the intrinsic and outward response of the individual itself and patterned their theories in the individual’s characteristics as well as output from the stimuli.On the other hand, cognitivism, perennialism, reconstructionalists and progressivism connotes the educational process and the environmental contributing factors that surround the client, such as instructors, educational support systems, etc. They believe that the primary influence in the educational development of the student lies on the external etiologies rather than the internal, where in the latter groups are more favorable.Theoretical FrameworkThe formulation of this theoretical framework takes into account the theories discussed in the above portion of this paper. Such theories are all synthesized based on their important points in order to come up in an enhanced educational principle. As per analysis of various points involved in these theories, we have come up in an educational approach that is applicable for educational curriculum.The focus of behaviorism, particularly the behavior of the person itself, can be utilized to serve as guide in maintaining appropriate teaching methods that are suitable for student needs. The assessment of these behaviors and attitudes can help the instructor understand the needs of these students rather than understanding the needs of system bodies. Guided by the student-centered learning approach by Carl Rogers, we can utilize the principle of education putting the student as the center of focus. The education requirement must be based on the student’s need and not of the institution. Only this way can learning be maximized and achieve. In addition, we have to consid er the wholesome aspect of the student in which, humanism have given emphasis. The individual’s educational needs should not be based on specific areas but rather the wholeness of the individual. We need to take into account the domains of learning provided by the theory, specifically psychomotor, cognitive and affective aspects.Moreover, the planning of the theory needs to consider the educational process itself in order to ensure proper learning is obtained. The cognitive theory emphasizes on the educational processes itself. It needs to coincide in the needs of the client as assessed through various intrinsic factors present in the client as described by behaviorism and essentialists. The formulation of educational approach needs to consider external criteria involve in the student such as, the background, racial culture and attitudes.After the formulation of educational approach, it is necessary to instill the values of education especially the purpose of having this proc ess, as indicated by Progressivism. Upon implementation of this learning approach, we have to consider and aim for the changes that Lewin has implicated. The change in the client signifies the effectiveness of learning. However, if the opposite results are attained, then reassessment and re-evaluation is needed until the target goal of educational approach is achieved. 21st Century Curriculum Essay Example 21st Century Curriculum Essay Educational theories are essential guidelines that entails enhancement of educational means of teaching. The sides of education are important as well since this is one of the primary building blocks in the society. Education is viewed as an intrinsic need by every individual, institution and country. The conditions of educational theories vary and it evolves the same way the world grows. It follows the trails of man’s civilization from the streets of Aristotle, the classrooms of Scholasticisms up to our current teaching universities. Various theories of education revolves in these events thus, tackling these principle proves to be essential.Synthesis of Theories that have influenced 21st century CurriculumFormulation of theoretical framework for a curriculum planningThrough out history, education has developed little by little in a systematic and chronological way matching the needs and evolution of man’s society. In the past, education theories are already evident espe cially in the classes of Aristotle, Plato and Socrates (the famous Greek philosophers). These people utilize various styles of educating their students and guided by early theories of education. However, time is not stagnant and it continues to flow, and part of it is man’s society.The dynamic civilization of human kind of varying cultures, have influenced the development and evolution of these theories as well. The Aristotelian mode of concept has been modified during the renaissance period by the scholastics and, the Platonian principles are adapted by various scholars. This situation has led to further development of education systems as well as principles until its development reach the current state, which is the 21st century.Read also   ANALYSIS OF OUR SECRET BY SUSAN GRIFFINIn the current civilization of man, education has been regarded as the utmost treasure that everybody needs to possess.   The theories of education principles have been integrated and modified in order for these theories to adapt in the current situations. These theories are well utilized by various educational systems in order to maintain standard education criteria.Some of the classical theories are also maintained in order to support and stand basis for the current theories established. However, problems and sometimes inconsistencies occur along with this these theories since, the body and context of these principles are still considered theories and not facts. It is part of the molding and dynamic process involved in this theory.As we go through the discussion of these theories, we shall employ analysis, interpretation as well as implementation of the theories concerned. The theories are not meant to act as the imposed rule of teaching but rather evident guidelines in order to establish appropriate teaching approach. The paper shall limit its study in the following question.What are the educational theories present in the 21st century? Discuss all the educational theo ries that have influenced 21-century curriculum.How does each theory influences the 21st century curriculum? Synthesizes all the theories by showing the commonalities and differences in all the educational theories and formulate a theoretical framework that can be used for a curriculum planning. Lastly, explain the benefits of this framework in the 21st century curriculum.The research paper shall focus in these queries alone since the main objective is also the presentation of these educational theories that have influenced 21st century.Main Educational Theories of 21st CenturyAll people require variety of learning needs, which is a desire or a requirement to know something that is presently unknown to the learner. These needs include new intellectual knowledge but also include physical, cultural, social and spiritual form of knowledge. Kozier (2004) defines learning as,Learning is a change in human disposition or capability that persists and that cannot be solely accounted for by g rowth. Learning is represented by a change in behavior and the important aspect for a person to learn is the individual’s desire to learn and to act on the learning.This connotes that learning is not only obtained by mental capacity of a person but it goes on all perspective angles of the individual’s characteristics. Moreover, compliance to such educational modes are not enough, acting is another factor to be considered.There are various theories proposed that traces how and why people should learn and be educated. These theories have served as guideline protocols in order to establish educational approaches, learning interventions and curriculum formulation for educational institutions. These theories have originated even from the past and are now being used in order to enhance teaching and learning processes. The modification of these theories has occurred due to the evolution of man’s technology and growth of civilization.BehaviorismThis theory was originall y promulgated by Edward Thorndike, whose primary contribution is the teaching based on behavioral manifestations of the individual. Behaviorism deals with learning and it acknowledges this subject as a factor that affects personality of a person. The theory includes analysis of the person’s personality as a whole and characteristics, and uses this to formulate strategies of teaching and education (Weiner et.al, 2003 p.135).Behaviorism takes into account the environment of the individual, not only physical but as a whole itself. The theories views environment as an extremely essential influence in the development of learning. However, ironically, behaviorists are not concerned in mental processes since they rely mostly on those objective data that are observed and rationalized by human capacity.B.F Skinner, another important persona in behaviorist theory, considers â€Å"emotions† as fictitious product of behavior that can be assess through stimuli-response mechanism (F ogiel, 1999 p.501). The main emphasis of this theory is the behavior of a person that primarily promotes the learning.Arising now is John Watson, another important persona in the field of behaviorism, who started the use of behavioral conditioning. Watson has utilized animal specimens such as rats, pigeons, dogs and cats in order to test behavior functioning. During the procedures, Watson has discovered that these animals are capable of learning-behavior principles (Weiner et.al, 2003 p.135-136). The utilization of behavior as a means of pattern in order to formulate the right educational approach is the primary principle of the theory.According to Gordon (2003) in her book, Beginnings Beyond: Foundations in Early Childhood Education, learning occurs when an organism interacts with the environment, and through experience, behavior is modified or changed. In the behaviorist’s eyes, three types of learning occur:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical Conditioning2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant Conditioning3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Observational learning or modelingThe first two categories are based on the idea that learning is mostly the development of habit. The continuous and frequent routine that an individual confers with induces the habits that in turn produce behavioral modifications. The third is actually based on social approach, such as family social conditions, peer socializations, etc. Guided by these three principles, education systems employ rewards and consequences as the primary molding characteristics of educational approaches.In application of such theory, we can see this being done in a simple standard educational system known as grading. In such case, the instructor assesses an individual’s performance based on criteria imposed by the institution. The grading system indicates how well the student performs during the span of an activity or the entire education program it self. The instructor provides high grade is the performance of the st udent is well conforming and appropriate to the instruction given. This type of rewarding reinforces the individual to again strive and initiate efforts in order to attain the said mark. However, if the student fails to comply in the standard imposed by the instructor, the student now gets a low or failing grade. This is a form of negative reinforcement in the part of the student. The response of the student, however, should be the same, which is to study harder and try to comply the next time.However, there are cases wherein this kind of negative reinforcement, based on the example, triggers negative action. Instead of the attitude of perseverance, the mindset of depression and intimidation settles in. The education approach should consider this type of response among varying students.HumanismThe theory of humanism utilizes the belief that human cognitive function and learning are not driven by information processing theory, nor by the enhancement of schemas through the creation of new knowledge structures nor by conditional responses to various stimuli. Rather, human thinking and learning are driven by the growth of the self as a whole, mature and complete human being, who has a strong character and an ability to make decisions that positively influence others (Keating, 2003 p.53).The humanistic theory centers on both cognitive and affective angle of a person. The main contributors of this theory are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers who have introduced essential humanistic theories that is used up until today in almost every aspect (Kozier, 2004 p.448).Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Maslow has formulated the triangular model of levels of man’s need according to priorities. The base part of this triangle portrays the basic level, thus considers as the most essential needs of man. The physiologic needs comprise of food, shelter, clothing, water and the physical requirements in order to live and maintain body homeostasis. The next level involves the level of safety needs, which includes protection, security, order, law, limits and stability that are part of the community. Love and belongingness is the next level after the latter – family, relationships, commitments, attachments, peers, social circles- that provide the emotional, cognitive and social stability of an individual. Self-esteem follows and this level portrays the needs of self-gratification as resulted by achievements, status, responsibilities and good reputation. Lastly, the self-actualization pertains to the personal growth and fulfillment of a person (Chapman, 2001).Student-Learning Approach. The theory of Carl Rogers regarding the student focused learning has a great impact in the teaching strategies at various curriculums in our current generation. The primary focus of this concept is the student body itself wherein the needs of the students are prioritized above all. This theory suggests that learning is achieved is the students are the ones being targeted as the main recipient in all educational programs implemented by the educational bodies, such as administrators, instructors and etc. The design of teaching curriculum, syllabus, course description and learning approaches are needed to be in favor of the students and not the administrative body.In this theory, a goal of educational approach is being set, the stand or the set function of the teacher is being identified, students are being reinforced positively, learning assessment is being done and lastly, student participation is greatly encouraged (Burnard 2002, p.72). Unlike in the classical way of teaching wherein the instructor is the one who directs everything to the students more like â€Å"robot teaching†, participation and interaction in this principle does not only come from the teachers but from the student as well. It encourages collaboration between the two sides in order to achieve maximal learning.Humanism focuses on the internal aspect of an individual as persons and not as sole information bank. This theory takes into consideration the emotions and attitudes of learners, the importance of the individual in identifying learning needs and taking the responsibility over these learning tasks.Humanism also motivates the student to act as part of the learning process, encouraging independence as well as self-reliance. This greatly negates the concept of education spoon-feeding approach since the students, even if the theory is student-centered, still this does not conclude that sole information are given directly to them by the teachers. Building up educational independence and education responsibility are the primary goals of this theory.CognitivismLearning in this theory principle gives more emphasis on the learning process itself than any other means. Organization of the learning approach and modified mental representations are the key in this type of learning process. According to the book of Uden and Beaumont (2006) entitled Technology and Prob lem-based Learning,Cognitive learning is equated with discrete changes between states of knowledge rather than with changed in the probability of response. In cognitive learning, the issues of how information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind is important. Learning is concerned not so much with what learners do, but what they know and how they came to acquire that knowledge (p.6).In this theory, the main emphasis is the process itself and not the outcome. From the point of information delivery up to the cognitive reception of this information, the learning is assessed. If learning is achieved then it only means that the process is appropriate, however, if otherwise occurs, then it means the education approach needs to be re-evaluated.This type of theory has been utilized in various forms of institutional approach such as in the process of health teaching. One example is when the health care provider utilizes a health care plan accompanied by teaching plan. Par t of this systematic education approach is the re-evaluation of plan until the set goal is met. The focus mainly is not on the response but the means of teaching or the cognitive approach.The major contributors of this theory are jean Piaget, K.Lewin and B.Bloom. The cognitive theory by Jean Piaget, sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, operational stage and formal operations, gave patterns of educational development according to age development from infant to adulthood (Kozier 2004, p.448).Lewin states that learning involves four different types of learning particularly, cognitive structure, change in motivation, change in one’s sense of belonging to a social circle, and gain control over one’s self. Lewin has focused on changes, and this led in the discovery of the theory of changes that contributes greatly in Cognitivism. The three basic stages involve are unfreezing, moving and refreezing (Ziegler, 2005 p.211).Lastly, Bloom has identified three domains of lear ning particularly the cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Each category pertains to different learning specifications that guide the whole planning of educational approach. Cognitive domain talks about the intellectual, concept, principles and theoretical knowledge incorporated in the plan of teaching. Affective domain pertains to the emotional side, affect and mood, attitude and the totality of values that is incorporated in the teaching plan. Lastly, the psychomotor theory, which emphasizes on the physical, developmental and skill enhancement incorporated as well in the teaching approach (McDonald 2002, p.34).These theories are the molding clays of the cognitivism thus, considered as the framework of the said theory. Cognitive theory has its primary attributes that also recognizes the developmental levels of learners and acknowledgements of learner’s motivation and environment (Kozier, 2004 p.449).Other Theories that Influences Educational CurriculumOther than the three f ramework of today’s educational curriculum, there are still contributing theories that needs to be taken into account especially if pertaining about aspect of educational systems. These theories have been formulated recently but have gain influence in the education curriculum already.PerennialismThe emphasis of the theory is more inclined in the philosophical and logical analysis of student’s origin and environmental contributors. The theory is primary based on idealism as well as realism in terms of philosophical perspective. It states that learning is universal and uniform for every individual that desires to learn. Education is regarded as essential truth and a preparation for life. Fundamentals are encouraged more than the complexities of the concepts since; these basics are regarded as the finest knowledge (Segall Wilson, 2004 p.156).ReconstructionismThe theory characteristics talk about its radical disposition and views education as a vehicle for influencing fun damental social change, especially in the realm of socio-political, economic and cultural organization. For Reconstructionists, progressive education is too slow or too â€Å"soft† ever to lead to change in the existing social order. It suggests that major constructive deliberations and even revolutionary actions are needed in order to solve such issue (Gwelle Uys, 2005 p.8).EssentialismThe theory of essentialism focuses more on the intrinsic nature of an individual as well as the classical educational principles. The theory suggests that the educational systems should maintain appropriate mental discipline among the students. Essentialists believe that educational process relies on the teacher itself rather than the student (Lantolf, 2000p.237).ProgressivismThis theory takes into account that education itself is not a means to earn living but rather a lifestyle to live on. It focuses more on the value-principle aspect in terms of education. Learning is achieved as the stude nt becomes interested in the subject matter and the teacher’s role is not to give sole instructions but to propose advice that facilitates learning. Competition is disregarded and educational cooperation is encouraged since, this theory aims to enhance the free expression of ideas, thoughts and personalities of the students in order to enhance and promote learning (Griffin Nasta 2000 p.31).Comparisons Educational TheoriesAs implicated in this study the educational theories still proposes similarities and differences, which is common since these theorists have various perspectives that influence their view in terms of education systems. The similarities as well as differences greatly centers in the focus of educational system. Each theory suggests the main contributor of educational intervention. However, the learning principle and guidelines are almost similar with all the theories. The detailed differences are specifically indicated in the above analysis of these theories.H owever, looking at the broad angles, we can see the similarities that group these theories and the differences that negate the proposed concepts of these educational principles. Behaviorists, humanists and essentialists are mainly student-centered than education systems. They emphasize on the intrinsic and outward response of the individual itself and patterned their theories in the individual’s characteristics as well as output from the stimuli.On the other hand, cognitivism, perennialism, reconstructionalists and progressivism connotes the educational process and the environmental contributing factors that surround the client, such as instructors, educational support systems, etc. They believe that the primary influence in the educational development of the student lies on the external etiologies rather than the internal, where in the latter groups are more favorable.Theoretical FrameworkThe formulation of this theoretical framework takes into account the theories discussed in the above portion of this paper. Such theories are all synthesized based on their important points in order to come up in an enhanced educational principle. As per analysis of various points involved in these theories, we have come up in an educational approach that is applicable for educational curriculum.The focus of behaviorism, particularly the behavior of the person itself, can be utilized to serve as guide in maintaining appropriate teaching methods that are suitable for student needs. The assessment of these behaviors and attitudes can help the instructor understand the needs of these students rather than understanding the needs of system bodies. Guided by the student-centered learning approach by Carl Rogers, we can utilize the principle of education putting the student as the center of focus. The education requirement must be based on the student’s need and not of the institution. Only this way can learning be maximized and achieve. In addition, we have to consid er the wholesome aspect of the student in which, humanism have given emphasis. The individual’s educational needs should not be based on specific areas but rather the wholeness of the individual. We need to take into account the domains of learning provided by the theory, specifically psychomotor, cognitive and affective aspects.Moreover, the planning of the theory needs to consider the educational process itself in order to ensure proper learning is obtained. The cognitive theory emphasizes on the educational processes itself. It needs to coincide in the needs of the client as assessed through various intrinsic factors present in the client as described by behaviorism and essentialists. The formulation of educational approach needs to consider external criteria involve in the student such as, the background, racial culture and attitudes.After the formulation of educational approach, it is necessary to instill the values of education especially the purpose of having this proc ess, as indicated by Progressivism. Upon implementation of this learning approach, we have to consider and aim for the changes that Lewin has implicated. The change in the client signifies the effectiveness of learning. However, if the opposite results are attained, then reassessment and re-evaluation is needed until the target goal of educational approach is achieved.

How to Get a Job in College

How to Get a Job in College Knowing how to get a job in college can be challenging, especially if youre new on campus or youve never applied for an on-campus job before. And while each and every student worker plays an important role in helping make a college run better, there are definitely some jobs that are better than others. So how can you make sure that the job you get in college is a good one? Start Early There are undoubtedly other students, just like you, who want or need to get a job in college. Which means that there are lots of other people eager to apply for the job(s) you want to get, too. As soon as you know that you need or want to work during your time in school, start figuring out how and where to make the process happen. If at all possible, try to do some emailing or even applying before you officially arrive on campus for a new semester. Figure Out How Much Money You Want or Need to Make Before you start looking at listings, take a moment to sit down, make a budget, and figure out how much money you need or want to make from your on-campus job. Knowing the amount youll need to bring in each week will help you figure out what to look for. You may, for example, think the gig working at the theater is totally perfect, but if it only offers a few hours each weekend and you know youll need to work 10 hours a week, its no longer the perfect gig. Look at the Official Listings If youre applying for an on-campus job, chances are that all of the student jobs are posted in one central place, like the student employment or financial aid office. Head there first to avoid having to spend a ton of time trying to see if individual departments or offices are hiring. Dont Be Afraid to Ask Around and Network When people hear networking, they often think of schmoozing with people they dont really know at a cocktail party. But even on a college campus, its important to talk to people about what youd like in an on-campus job. Talk to your friends to see if they know of great places that are hiring or if theyve worked somewhere they particularly liked. If, for example, someone down the hall works at the mailroom, thinks its a great gig and is willing to put in a good word for you, voila! Thats networking in action. Apply Applying for on-campus jobs is usually a much lower-key process than applying for jobs at, say, a major department store or corporate office in town. That being said, its still important to appear professional when you apply for an on-campus job. No matter where you work on campus, youll undoubtedly be interacting with people off-campus, professors, upper-level administrators, and other important folks. Whoever hires you will want to make sure that when the community interacts with you, as a member and representative of their office, the interaction is positive and professional. So make sure you return phone calls or emails on time, show up for your interview on time, and dress in a way that makes sense for the position. Ask What the Time Line Is You may apply for a super-casual gig where they hire you on the spot. Or you may apply for something with a little more prestige where you need to wait a week or two (or more) before you hear if youve got the job or not. Its okay to ask during your interview when theyll be letting people know if they are being hired; that way, you can still apply for other jobs and be making progress while you wait. The last thing you want to do is shoot yourself in the foot by letting all the other good jobs slip by as you wait to hear from one specific place that ends up not hiring you. Although the first few weeks of any semester is a flurry of activity as students apply for on-campus jobs, everyone usually ends up landing something that they like. Being smart about the process can help increase the chances that youll end up with a job that not only provides a little cash but also lets you enjoy your time working in school.

Can torture be ethical Discuss in relation to the War on Terror Essay

Can torture be ethical Discuss in relation to the War on Terror - Essay Example There were often many manuals given to convey the torture techniques and the implications. Written codes and conducts were also regulated to redefine the process of torture and differentiate what is acceptable and what is impermissible (Scott, 2003, p27). As the theories enhanced, there is a huge debate on the torture ethics which is going on since years, and especially after 2001 when there was an initiative of the war on terror by collaboration of many countries. Some debate that torture has always been immoral and unjustifiable, whereas many of the modern theorists and socialists suggest that if torturing an evil man because of which many lives can be saved, then there is no better moral decision that could be taken (Wisnewski, Emerick, 2009, p 78). Thus, war on terror is a justifiable process which is carried out throughout the Western world, and if it includes the practices of torturing then torture can be considered ethical too, in a broad scope. There are many ethical argument s that have risen up related to torture and its value to the society. The major argument that supports the ethics or torture is the fact that it is an essential tool. Many of the countries condemn the use of torture and consider it not only unethical but also unlawful. Whereas many countries still use it as their tool and consider it as effective in many circumstances (Harbury, 2005, p95). There are many arguments placed forth and the basic debate lie in the views presented by deontological and utilitarian viewpoints. Both the viewpoints hold justification in their own way. The utilitarian viewpoint suggests that torture can be justified if the overall outcome of the action is positive. This refers to the process of torture which is used as a tool to investigate and weed the evil out of a person or criminal. In this belief, the utilitarian thinker might consider the outcome as the only source of judgment and to decide whether the act of torturing is moral or not. The outcome can def ine the long term effects in which lives may be saved and evil may be finished. This is the primary factor on which torture is used as a tool (Greenberg, 2006, p50). Opposing the utilitarian view is the deontological view which came from the word duty. This viewpoint suggests that the rules and values hold immense importance and they should be fulfilled as the first priority rather than the outcome. Utilitarian thinkers give immense respect to the moral values and ethics over the outcomes of allowing torture or restricting it. However, if the outcome is uncertain or can not be known, then the utilitarian thinker would state that torture is wrong and unjustifiable (Skerker, 2010, p154). There are any arguments seen favoring the utilitarian views against torture and in some parts of the world, the laws support these views as well. The war on terror or war on terrorism is known to describe the campaign set out by the US and includes many other countries such as the UK. The term is comm only used and it applies to the campaign which is initiated against the al-Qaeda and other militant groups which are associated to it. The aim of this campaign was to eliminate the powers and actions of such militant organizations. The September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre gave rise to many militant groups that tend to declare war against America. These groups were the terrorists and in regard to those, the phrase War on Terror was used and made popular by the military organizations of the US. Soon it became

Estate Planning (Australia) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Estate Planning (Australia) - Case Study Example Margaret deemed acquisition date and cost base is the original date and cost that applied to the assets. Any capital gain tax liability on the principle residence is subjected to 50% individual CGT discount. All the contents of the principle residence are inherited by Margaret. Since the assets were under joint tenancy, therefore the principle of survivorship applies. Margaret deemed acquisition date and cost base will be the original date and cost that applied to the assets. The contents are treated as personal use; since they are valued above $10,000 therefore they are not exempted from CGT and any capital losses are ignored. Since the investment property is held as tenant in common the principle of survivorship does not apply. In case of Gary’s death the property is inherited by Margaret as there is no will therefore his spouse that is Margaret becomes the sole beneficiary. CGT rules apply where all capital gains and losses are taxed. The property was acquired post-CGT therefore its acquisition date and cost base are same as the original. In the case of subsequent disposal by his wife, the capital gain will be deemed as the day contracts were exchanged. The bank account was held as a joint tenancy, this makes Margaret the sole beneficiary as she inherits the account and the money. She takes full control of the account and she can continue transacting through it unless she decides to close it. Since all assets under joint tenancy are assumed be tenancy in common, therefore CGT rules apply. Since the shares are held as joint tenancy between Gary and his wife, his death entitles transfer of the shares to his wife because there is no will. For the shares that were acquired before 19 September 1989 (pre-CGT), they are deemed acquired for the market value of the shares on the date of death. For the shares acquired after 19

Hand Hygiene in Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Hand Hygiene in Surgery - Essay Example It is obvious that more washing and scrubbing damage ecology and health of the skin and harm resistance of the skin flora, rather than reducing the risk of harbouring and transmitting infectious agents. Taking into account the increase in vulnerable patient population, effort should be made to identify proper antiseptic products that provide adequate protection from transmission of infecting agents, at the same time that does not damage skin health. Recent studies propose use of alcohol-based hand rinses as an alternative to detergent-based antiseptic products, because they have 'rapid and broad-spectrum activity, excellent microbicidal characteristics, and lack of potential for emergence of resistance' as well as require no washing or drying. In addition, alcohol-based formulations are found to be superior to antiseptic detergents for rapid microbial killing potential and addition of appropriate moisturizers make it milder and skin friendly. Extensive studies of use of antimicrobial soaps and skin care products in skin hygiene and role of hand-washing in reducing rates of infection abound in number, whereas studies to assess benefits in reducing transmission of infection without added risk or cost of using antimicrobial soaps and to compare efficacy of aqueous alcohol based preparations over plain or antimicrobial soap and water are still in nascent stage. Since outbreaks of Surgical Sight Infections are linked with transmission of micro-organisms from surgical personnel to patients, policies and guidelines for strict adherence to the principles of asepsis by all surgical workers is paramount in preventing surgical site infections. Background: Surgery is aimed to eliminate suffering and prolong life and the principles of antisepses introduced by Joseph Lister in the late 1860s helped reduce 'post operative infectious morbidity'. Healthcare delivery system in the United States has undergone dramatic changes recently with the opening up avenues for long-term care, home-care, and managed-care industries, leading to decrease in number of acute-care facilities. Whereas, there is increase in hospital acquired infections proportionate with the increase of patients requiring intensive care in acute-care facilities, and the number of surgical procedures performed in outpatient settings or surgical centres. "Because of the severely ill and immunocompromised populations in these settings, prevention of infections and other adverse events is a major component of providing quality care." (Emerging Infectious Diseases 173). Despite improved operating room ventilation, sterilization methods, barriers, surgical technique, and availability of antimicrobial prophylaxis Surgical Sight Infection (SSI) is the most common nosocomial infection causing morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients all over the world. Hospitals are breeding ground for pathogens and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, because of inefficient hand hygiene by hospital personnel and frequency of bacterial carriage by

Recommendations For Solid Waste Management In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

Recommendations For Solid Waste Management In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay Mauritius is a small island and due to land scarcity, it can neither have many landfills nor have all its wastes recycled. But it should be noted that incineration is not the ideal solution to this problem; it will rather encourage more wastes to be produced. First of all the Government should try to implement a zero waste policy. The use of plastics bags should be forbidden. Sorting of wastes should be encouraged to be done at home or onsite itself (plastics/organic/metals). Electronic gadgets should be made in such a way that they can be processed for parts that can be recycled and the toxic elements disposed of in the proper way and not burnt. If some of the steps are implemented, there will be nothing to get incinerated or a minimum amount of wastes would be burnt. Therefore, the followings are some of the proposed ideas towards sustainable municipal solid waste management: Policy planning and Strategy Solid waste management plans First of all there should be solid waste management plans in place. Waste management plans have essential roles to play towards sustainable waste management. Their primary purpose is to provide an outline of sources of wastes and treatment options. Waste management plans, national as well as local/regional are essential tools helping in the implementation and achievement of policies and targets that have been set up. Furthermore, the plans give an outline of the amount of wastes to be managed. Also, they contribute to ensuring that the capacity and the way of collection and treatment systems are coherent with the waste to be managed. The plans also identify areas in which technological measures should be taken to get rid of or minimize certain types of waste. Moreover, waste management plans make way for a statement of financial requirements for the operation of collection schemes and treatment of waste among others. On this basis, the needs for further investments in waste treatment plans may be determined. As a solution to many waste management problems, the involvement of several participants/authorities are required and coherent planning helps to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and thus benefits all participants, (EU Commission, Environment, 2003). Zero-waste policy The aim of this policy should be geared towards a sustainable economy. The purpose is to minimize consumption to a reasonable extent by using design-for-environment in every product and their packaging, and to make them all recyclable. The determining factors to achieve Zero Waste are the productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ designs and industrial processes, that is, their components should be made in such a way that they can be dismantled, repaired and/or recycled. Zero Waste implies merging communities, businesses and industries such that ones waste becomes anotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feedstock, which results in preventing pollution at its source. Implementing Zero waste will get rid of all discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the planetary, human, animal or plant health, (Recycling Council of British Columbia, 2009). Management of Municipal Solid Waste Waste Minimization Waste minimization is considered as a waste management approach that emphasizes on decreasing the amount and toxicity of hazardous waste that is generated. It is believed that waste minimization methods that focus on avoiding waste from ever being created, (source reduction) and recycling is encouraged. There are three general methods of waste minimization: source reduction, recycling, and treatment, (Scott.W.D, 2005). Waste minimization can be achieved by reusing materials. In doing so, materials which were bound to become waste can be used again and there will be no need for recycling, combustion for energy purpose and disposal of waste materials to landfill. This can lead to a reduction in waste management costs. However this can effectively be done by planning, fabricating, buying, or making use of materials in a way that reduce the amount of trash created, less waste is created and fewer natural resources are used. Waste Sorting Waste sorting should be done at home and this can be achieved by the help of the local authorities, in the sense that, the three bins system should be implemented and there should be continual training and education awareness programmes. People should be taught how to use this system effectively and the reason behind using it. The three bins can either be coloured differently or labelled in order to facilitate the users to dispose their wastes in the corrective way. Waste sorting helps in achieving a sustainable environment, in the sense that recyclable wastes will be disposed separately and thus can be sent directly to the recycling industries and other wastes can be processed accordingly. This will save time and cost of labour also. Composting Composting is the decomposition of organic matter by microorganism in warm, moist, aerobic and anaerobic environment. There are different ways to do composting. It varies from simple and cheap backyard or onsite composting methods to more costly and sophisticated methods such as in-vessel composting. For materials such as food garbage, vegetables garbage and other materials which are degradable, adoption of proven technologies for processing such waste as backyard composting can be used; as this can reduce the amount of waste destined for disposal. Inhabitants can then sell the compost to nearby farmers and other users. Government should favor and stimulate the development and acceptance of appropriate technologies for the conversion of municipal solid waste to compost and promote markets for its use as a soil amendment. It can also be noted that inhabitant can use the soil conditioner obtained from composting to grow their own vegetables and crops. This is a good path towards sustai nability and it demands patience and cooperation. However this project may take time to develop in Mauritius because there is lack of willingness on the part of communities, local authorities and other parties such as the informal sector and the formal waste collector. health, Best practices Enforcing Law To achieve a sustainable waste management, the Government must take actions against those who by-pass the law by throwing wastes haphazardly. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"pay- as -you -throwà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ program should be put in place and the local authorities must ensure that the legal duty to abide by this particular program is imposed on all people in the country, including tourists. Education and awareness There should be a continuous awareness programme in place, so that every person gets well accustomed to the new techniques of municipal solid waste management. There should also be public education so that people are not only made aware of the new techniques, but also that they can understand the reasons behind managing municipal solid wastes sustainably. The public should know and understand the importance of sustainable development.

Physics of the Arctic :: physics arctic

The Arctic is a strange and unusual place where nature still rules with and icy fist. In the land of the "high noon moon", the extreme cold has a strange effect on the environment, the people, and even everyday objects that we take for granted act different. Ice rules the land and shapes it to it's will. Layers of cold air change a normal scene into a wonderland of color and mystery. Normal, everyday items take on unusual characteristics in the sub-zero climate. Ice wedges are structures where water has filled a crack or hole in the ground and froze over the winter. As the water freezes, it expands, making the crack bigger. As the Wedge gets bigger, the whole it creates gets bigger and gets fovered with sediments and dirt. On the surface, these ice wedges make the ground look like a patchwork of tiles, called polygons. As the wedge gets deeper, it begins to melt and the water is then put under high pressure from the surrounding ice and dirt. This causes the water to be forced to the surface. As it moves twards the surface, the rock and soil above it are pushed out of the way, making pingos. These pingos are usually a small hill with a ring or rock and soil at the center. Many pingos, thought, can reach the size of a house or other large building. When we think of a mirage, we usually think of a hot desert. In the arctic, though, the thermal layering of the cold air causes a similar effect. The effect is the opposite of a heat mirage though. Here, you can see that the mountain looks to be up-side down and mushroom shaped. In the winter in the far north, the temperatures can get real low! This was the coldest temperature during the winter of '03-'04. The extreme cold allowed me to have a little fun and also caused a few problems. On the morning that the temperature reached -54F, i decided to get up early and go into town to get a picture of a sign so all my friends would beleave me when i told them how cold it had been, when i started to move in the car, however, i noticed that the tired felt wierd as i drove. When the air in the tires is supercooled, he presure drops and the tires arreap to deflate, causing the bottoms to become flattened against the ground.